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Water politics in the Nile Basin
The Nile river is subject to political interactions. It is the world's longest river flowing 6,700 kilometers through ten countries in northeastern Africa — Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC),
Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt with varying climates. Considering the basin area of the Nile, Sudan has the largest size (1.9 million km²) whereas, of the four major tributaries to the Nile, three originate from Ethiopia - the Blue Nile, Sobat and Atbara. The modern history of hydropolitics in the Nile basin is very complex and has had wide ramifications both for regional and global developments.〔See Tvedt, Terje (2004/2006). The River Nile in the Age of the British. Political Ecology & the Quest for Economic Power, IB Tauris (2004), American University Press, Cairo (2006), Waterbury, John (1979). Hydropolitics of the Nile Valley, University of Syracuse Press, and Tvedt, Terje (ed.), (2010). The River Nile in the Post-Colonial Age. Conflict and Cooperation among the Nile Basin Countries, IB. Tauris.〕
== Geography ==
The following table demonstrates 〔M Chatteri et al. (2002) ''Conflict Management of Water Resources''. Hampshire, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p 146〕 the water availability in each country within the Nile basin, and researchers' estimates of decrease in water availability to these countries, due largely to an increase in the countries' populations.
While the Nile and its tributaries are vital sources of water throughout the basin, the dependence of basin countries on the river varies dramatically. Egypt and Sudan, to name two examples, are almost completely dependent because in the colonial era England textile factories were completely dependent on the agriculture of Sudan and Egypt. On the other hand, Ethiopia which a country of contributing 85% of the water is not using the water because Ethiopia was never colonized by that time. After the colonial era Egypt was creating political instability to Ethiopia continuously and blocking the international funding agencies not to give loan to do any project on the river. And now Ethiopia finally managed to do any water projects by her own and starts to use the water mainly for hydro-power dam. Definitely, If Ethiopia continues to grow and afford to use it further for irrigation and sanitation the water to Egypt is depending on how hard they work on the environmental protection work.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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